πŸ“– Free sample lessonThe Last Leaf Β· Grades 7–10
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FredI'll help you track how O. Henry turns a falling leaf into a symbol of hope — and how a quiet act of sacrifice becomes the story's true masterpiece. Read closely, use the exact words, and I'll push your thinking toward high-school-level analysis.
📖 Fiction anchor + 1 paired text ✍️ Simple, compound, and complex sentences 🔎 Symbolism, characterization, theme, and author's craft

The Last Leaf

O. Henry
Grade 7 Lexile ~900 Realistic Fiction Symbolism Hope & Sacrifice
📋 Lesson Overview
Title
The Last Leaf
Grade level
Grade 7 · Lexile ~900
Main fiction text
The Last Leaf by O. Henry
Paired text
1 informational text by FlyingMinds Staff: How Hope Helps the Body Heal
Central question
How does O. Henry show that hope — and the willingness to sacrifice for another person — can be more powerful than medicine?
Skills covered
Comprehension · Inference · Characterization · Author's craft (tone & irony) · Figurative language & symbolism · Vocabulary in context · Sentence construction (simple, compound, complex) · Evidence-based writing · Compare/contrast
Standards covered
RL.7.1, RL.7.2, RL.7.3, RL.7.4, RL.7.6, RI.7.1, RI.7.2, RI.7.3, L.7.1, L.7.4, W.7.1, W.7.9
FlyingMinds Grade 7 lesson · read closely, use evidence, and write with precision

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Teacher: Suchitra Sharma · Google Classroom: mrssharmasclasses@gmail.com

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🌱 Before You Read

🔮 QUICK PREDICTION
Fred asks: A sick young woman decides she will die when the last leaf falls from a vine outside her window. What do you predict might happen to that last leaf — and why?
Sentence starter: I predict the last leaf will __________, because __________.

📖 First Read — Get the Story

Read straight through. After every couple of paragraphs, a quick checkpoint makes sure the story is landing before the next part unlocks. The open Ask Fred boxes are just for thinking — they never block you.

[1]

In a small part of the city west of Washington Square, the streets have gone wild. They turn in different directions. They are broken into small pieces called "places." One street goes across itself one or two times. A painter once discovered something possible and valuable about this street. Suppose a painter had some painting materials for which he had not paid. Suppose he had no money. Suppose a man came to get the money. The man might walk down that street and suddenly meet himself coming back, without having received a cent! This part of the city is called Greenwich Village. And to old Greenwich Village the painters soon came. Here they found rooms they like, with good light and at a low cost.

[2]

Sue and Johnsy lived at the top of a building with three floors. One of these young women came from Maine, the other from California. They had met at a restaurant on Eighth Street. There they discovered that they liked the same kind of art, the same kind of food, and the same kind of clothes. So they decided to live and work together. That was in the spring.

Toward winter a cold stranger entered Greenwich Village. No one could see him. He walked around touching one person here and another there with his icy fingers. He was a bad sickness. Doctors called him Pneumonia. On the east side of the city he hurried, touching many people; but in the narrow streets of Greenwich Village he did not move so quickly.

Mr. Pneumonia was not a nice old gentleman. A nice old gentleman would not hurt a weak little woman from California. But Mr. Pneumonia touched Johnsy with his cold fingers. She lay on her bed almost without moving, and she looked through the window at the wall of the house next to hers.

🔑 Checkpoint 1
How does O. Henry describe the illness that strikes Johnsy?
[3]

One morning the busy doctor spoke to Sue alone in the hall, where Johnsy could not hear. "She has a very small chance," he said. "She has a chance, if she wants to live. If people don't want to live, I can't do much for them. Your little lady has decided that she is not going to get well. Is there something that is troubling her?"

"She always wanted to go to Italy and paint a picture of the Bay of Naples," said Sue. "Paint! Not paint. Is there anything worth being troubled about? A man?" "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth—No, doctor. There is not a man."

"It is weakness," said the doctor. "I will do all I know how to do. But when a sick person begins to feel that he's going to die, half my work is useless. Talk to her about new winter clothes. If she were interested in the future, her chances would be better." After the doctor had gone, Sue went into the workroom to cry.

🧠 INTERRUPTION QUESTION
Fred asks: The doctor says, "If people don't want to live, I can't do much for them." What is he suggesting about the connection between Johnsy's mind and her body?
Sentence starter: The doctor is suggesting that __________, because he says __________.

[4]

Then she walked into Johnsy's room. She carried some of her painting materials, and she was singing. Johnsy lay there, very thin and very quiet. Her face was turned toward the window. Sue stopped singing, thinking that Johnsy was asleep.

Sue began to work. As she worked she heard a low sound, again and again. She went quickly to the bedside. Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting—counting back. "Twelve," she said; and a little later, "Eleven"; and then, "Ten," and, "Nine"; and then, "Eight," and, "Seven," almost together.

Sue looked out the window. What was there to count? There was only the side wall of the next house, a short distance away. The wall had no window. An old, old tree grew against the wall. The cold breath of winter had already touched it. Almost all its leaves had fallen from its dark branches.

🔑 Checkpoint 2
According to the doctor, what does Johnsy most need in order to recover?
[5]

"What is it, dear?" asked Sue. "Six," said Johnsy, in a voice still lower. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It hurt my head to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five now."

"Five what, dear? Tell your Sue." "Leaves. On the tree. When the last one falls, I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?" "Oh, I never heard of such a thing," said Sue. "It doesn't have any sense in it. What does an old tree have to do with you? Or with your getting well? And you used to love that tree so much. Don't be a little fool. The doctor told me your chances for getting well. He told me this morning. He said you had very good chances! Try to eat a little now. And then I'll go back to work. And then I can sell my picture, and then I can buy something more for you to eat to make you strong."

"You don't have to buy anything for me," said Johnsy. She still looked out the window. "There goes another. No, I don't want anything to eat. Now there are four. I want to see the last one fall before night. Then I'll go, too."

🧠 INTERRUPTION QUESTION
Fred asks: Johnsy says, "When the last one falls, I must go, too." What has the leaf come to stand for in her mind, and why is this idea dangerous?
Sentence starter: For Johnsy, the last leaf stands for __________, which is dangerous because __________.

[6]

"Johnsy, dear," said Sue, "will you promise me to close your eyes and keep them closed? Will you promise not to look out the window until I finish working? I must have this picture ready tomorrow. I need the light; I can't cover the window." "Couldn't you work in the other room?" asked Johnsy coldly.

"I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "And I don't want you to look at those leaves." "Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy. She closed her eyes and lay white and still. "Because I want to see the last leaf fall. I have done enough waiting. I have done enough thinking. I want to go sailing down, down, like one of those leaves."

"Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman to come up here. I want to paint a man in this picture, and I'll make him look like Behrman. I won't be gone a minute. Don't try to move till I come back."

🔑 Checkpoint 3
What strange belief has taken hold of Johnsy as she lies ill?
[7]

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the first floor of their house. He was past sixty. He had had no success as a painter. For forty years he had painted, without ever painting a good picture. He had always talked of painting a great picture, a masterpiece, but he had never yet started it.

He got a little money by letting others paint pictures of him. He drank too much. He still talked of his great masterpiece. And he believed that it was his special duty to do everything possible to help Sue and Johnsy.

Sue found him in his dark room, and she knew that he had been drinking. She could smell it. She told him about Johnsy and the leaves on the vine. She said that she was afraid that Johnsy would indeed sail down, down like the leaf. Her hold on the world was growing weaker.

[8]

Old Behrman shouted his anger over such an idea. "What!" he cried. "Are there such fools? Do people die because leaves drop off a tree? I have not heard of such a thing. No, I will not come up and sit while you make a picture of me. Why do you allow her to think such a thing? That poor little Johnsy!"

"She is very sick and weak," said Sue. "The sickness has put these strange ideas into her mind. Mr. Behrman, if you won't come, you won't. But I don't think you're very nice." "This is like a woman!" shouted Behrman. "Who said I will not come? Go. I come with you. For half an hour I have been trying to say that I will come. God! This is not any place for someone so good as Johnsy to lie sick. Some day I shall paint my masterpiece, and we shall all go away from here. God! Yes."

Johnsy was sleeping when they went up. Sue covered the window, and took Behrman into the other room. There they looked out the window fearfully at the tree. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A cold rain was falling, with a little snow in it too. Behrman sat down, and Sue began to paint.

🔑 Checkpoint 4
Who is Behrman, and what has he always dreamed of doing?
[9]

She worked through most of the night. In the morning, after an hour's sleep, she went to Johnsy's bedside. Johnsy with wide-open eyes was looking toward the window. "I want to see," she told Sue. Sue took the cover from the window.

But after the beating rain and the wild wind that had not stopped through the whole night, there still was one leaf to be seen against the wall. It was the last on the tree. It was still dark green near the branch. But at the edges it was turning yellow with age. There it was hanging from a branch nearly twenty feet above the ground.

"It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time." "Dear, dear Johnsy!" said Sue. "Think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?" But Johnsy did not answer. The most lonely thing in the world is a soul when it is preparing to go on its far journey. The ties that held her to friendship and to earth were breaking, one by one.

[10]

The day slowly passed. As it grew dark, they could still see the leaf hanging from its branch against the wall. And then, as the night came, the north wind began again to blow. The rain still beat against the windows.

When it was light enough the next morning, Johnsy again commanded that she be allowed to see. The leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was cooking something for her to eat.

"I've been a bad girl, Sue," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how bad I was. It is wrong to want to die. I'll try to eat now. But first bring me a looking-glass, so that I can see myself. And then I'll sit up and watch you cook." An hour later she said, "Sue, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."

🔑 Checkpoint 5
How does seeing the leaf survive the storm change Johnsy?
[11]

The doctor came in the afternoon. Sue followed him into the hall outside Johnsy's room to talk to him. "The chances are good," said the doctor. He took Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "Give her good care, and she'll get well. And now I must see another sick person in this house. His name is Behrman. A painter, I believe. Pneumonia, too. Mike is an old, weak man, and he is very ill. There is no hope for him. But we take him to the hospital today. We'll make it as easy for him as we can."

The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's safe. You have done it. Food and care now—that's all." And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay. She put one arm around her.

[12]

"I have something to tell you," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was ill only two days. Someone found him on the morning of the first day, in his room. He was helpless with pain.

"His shoes and his clothes were wet and as cold as ice. Everyone wondered where he had been. The night had been so cold and wild.

"And then they found some things. There was a light that he had taken outside. And there were his materials for painting. There was paint, green paint and yellow paint. And— Look out the window, dear, at the last leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never moved when the wind was blowing? Oh, my dear, it is Behrman's great masterpiece—he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

📝 First Read — Quick Check

Read each item carefully. For Part A and Part B questions, answer Part A first, then choose the evidence that best supports your answer.

RL.7.1
PART A
1. Part A: Why does the doctor tell Sue that Johnsy's chances are "very small"?
RL.7.1
PART B
2. Part B: Which quotation from paragraph [3] best supports the answer to Part A?
RL.7.3
PART A
3. Part A: How is Sue best characterized in her response to Johnsy's illness?
RL.7.1
PART B
4. Part B: Which quotation best supports the answer to Part A?

🔍 Second Read — Look Closer

RL.7.4
SYMBOLISM
5. Throughout the story, the last leaf on the vine functions mainly as a symbol of —
RL.7.4
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
6. O. Henry calls the illness "a cold stranger" named "Mr. Pneumonia" who touches people "with his icy fingers." This figurative language is an example of —
L.7.4
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
7. The doctor says Johnsy's trouble "is weakness." In this context, weakness most nearly means —
RL.7.3
CHARACTERIZATION
8. Behrman first shouts angrily about Johnsy's "foolish" idea, yet that same night he goes out into the freezing storm. What does this reveal about him?
RL.7.2
CRAFT & MEANING
9. Behrman dreamed for forty years of painting one great masterpiece. What is ironic about the masterpiece he finally creates?
🧠 CLOSE INFERENCE
Fred asks: O. Henry never shows Behrman painting the leaf. Instead, we learn the truth only in Sue's final speech. Why might the author choose to reveal Behrman's sacrifice this way, at the very end?
Sentence starter: O. Henry hides Behrman's act until the end because __________, which makes the reader feel __________.

📌 Close Reading — Part A / Part B

RL.7.2
PART A
10. Part A: Which statement best expresses a central theme of the story?
RL.7.1
PART B
11. Part B: Which quoted detail best supports the answer to Part A?
RL.7.6
PART A
12. Part A: How is O. Henry's tone in the story's ending best described?
RL.7.1
PART B
13. Part B: Which quoted detail best supports the answer to Part A?

✍️ Grammar — Sentence Construction

Use sentence structure to sharpen your ideas, not just to label grammar terms.

L.7.1
PRACTICE
14. Which sentence is a compound sentence?
L.7.1
PRACTICE
15. Which revision best turns these ideas into a strong complex sentence? “The last leaf never fell. Johnsy decided to live.”

Use It — Simple

Write one simple sentence about the painted leaf using the word masterpiece.

Use It — Compound

Write one compound sentence about Johnsy and Behrman using but or so.

Use It — Complex

Write one complex sentence explaining why Johnsy gave up hope.

📚 Vocabulary — 3 Tiers

TierWordsWhy they matter here
Spotlightmasterpiece, sacrifice, symbol, irony, characterization, weaknessThese academic words let students discuss O. Henry's craft, characters, and theme with precision.
Contextpneumonia, materials, helpless, fearfully, commanded, branchesThese words are essential for following the action and the illness in the story.
GlossaryGreenwich Village, Washington Square, Bay of Naples, looking-glass, Eighth Street, vinePlace- and period-specific support words that help students stay oriented in early-1900s New York.

🎮 Vocabulary Quiz — 4 Rounds

Each question tests a target vocabulary word directly.

L.7.4
ROUND 1 · MEANING
16. A masterpiece is —
L.7.4
ROUND 2 · CONTEXT
17. The doctor says Behrman "is an old, weak man, and he is very ill… There is no hope for him." In this context, helpless (used of Behrman) is closest to —
L.7.4
ROUND 3 · NUANCE
18. When the doctor calls Johnsy's trouble "weakness," he means a weakness of the —
L.7.4
ROUND 4 · APPLICATION
19. Which sentence uses sacrifice most effectively?

📚 Paired Text — How Hope Helps the Body Heal

Genre: FlyingMinds Staff informational text

[1] Doctors have long noticed that two patients with the same illness can have very different outcomes — and that a patient's state of mind seems to be part of the difference. A hopeful patient who believes she can recover often eats better, follows the doctor's instructions, and keeps fighting, while a patient who has given up may stop trying altogether. This is why many doctors say that the will to live is itself a kind of medicine.

[2] Scientists have studied a striking example called the placebo effect. In careful experiments, some patients are given a harmless sugar pill but are told it is real medicine. Surprisingly, a number of them actually feel better — their pain eases or their symptoms fade — simply because they believe they are being helped. The body, it seems, can respond to hope and expectation, not only to chemicals.

[3] None of this means that hope alone can cure a serious disease; real medicine and good care still matter most. But research suggests that fear and hopelessness can weaken the body's defenses, while hope and a reason to keep going can strengthen them. That is exactly the truth O. Henry dramatizes in "The Last Leaf": a young woman almost dies not because medicine fails, but because she gives up — and she recovers when something restores her hope.

RI.7.1
PAIRED TEXT
20. According to the paired text, what is the placebo effect?
RI.7.3
TEXT CONNECTION
21. Which detail from The Last Leaf connects most clearly to the paired text's idea that hope can help the body heal?
RI.7.2
PART A
22. Part A: What is the main idea of the paired text?
RI.7.1
PART B
23. Part B: Which sentence from the paired text best supports that main idea?

✍️ Writing

Use evidence, not just opinions. Strong writing shows both clear thinking and close reading.

Prompt A — Author's Craft

How does O. Henry use the surprise ending and the symbol of the last leaf to make the story's meaning land more powerfully?

Use this structure: Point · Context and actual evidence · Explanation. Include at least one exact quotation with its paragraph number, and, if it helps, one idea from the paired text.

Prompt B — Theme

What does the story suggest about the power of hope and self-sacrifice in the face of death?

Sentence starter: The story suggests that hope and sacrifice __________. O. Henry shows this when __________.

Prompt C — Sentence Lab

Write three original sentences about the story:


🧠 Think Deeper

No teacher needed — Fred coaches every task here. Work through the analogies, then argue both sides, then carry the idea into the real world.

🔗 Analogies · reasoning

Part 1 — Analogies

Find the relationship in the first pair, then pick the choice that repeats it. These are auto-graded and explained.

Reasoning
LEAF : VINE :: PETAL : ?
Reasoning
BEHRMAN : JOHNSY :: ?
Pick the pair with the same relationship — one person quietly sacrifices to save the other.
Reasoning · L.7.4
HELPLESS : POWERLESS :: MASTERPIECE : ?
⚖️ Argue both sides · dialectic

Part 2 — Argue Both Sides

Behrman gave his own life to save Johnsy by painting the leaf in a freezing storm. Was his choice a noble, heroic sacrifice — or a reckless waste of his own life?

Do this: write the strongest case for each side using a quotation, then end with your own verdict. Structure: On one hand… (evidence). On the other hand… (evidence). I conclude…

🌍 Real-world transfer

Part 3 — Carry It Into the Real World

O. Henry shows that hope — and a person's reason to keep fighting — can affect whether they recover. Describe a real situation where someone's hope, encouragement, or support helped a person get through hardship, and connect it to the story.

Sentence starter: A real situation where hope or support helped someone get through hardship is __________. This connects to The Last Leaf because __________.

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